{"title":"Hellenic Warfare \u0026 Armor","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"vergina-shield","title":"Vergina Sun Shield on a Black Marble Base in Bronze","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe handmade Vergina Sun shield is considered to be the oldest defensive weapon and derives its name from the Greek word \"aspis\". Its shape and construction vary, and its material could be wood, iron, leather or brass. The Ancient Greeks decorated them and considered them as samples of honourable distinctions. It was also considered offensive to abandon a shield in the battlefield. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Its shape was usually round or oval and slightly curved with a strap on the inside, through which the warrior slipped his left arm. With his left palm he held the shield, with a handle in such a way as to protect his body during the battle. The shield (\"aspida\") in Greek means \"surface extended along the body\". It is worth mentioning that the Ancient Greeks called the shield \"weapon\" and considered it as the symbol of armament, hence the well-known Laconic saying \"i tan i epi tas\" means \"with it, or on it\". The interpretation behind this legendary saying, is that either the warrior would return home alive and with his shield, either he would be found dead in the battlefield under his shield. In addition to this, the shield was sent as a votive offering and as a tribute to the gods. It was also considered to be a valuable booty with which Ancient Greeks would set up trophies. It should be noted that after the battle of Granicus, Alexander the Great dedicated all three hundred shields to the Acropolis of Athens as a trophy of his victory. Apart from the Macedonians, the Athenian soldiers brought a sixteen-pointed symbol on their shield (6th century BC), and yet also some Spartan soldiers, brought to their shields the symbol of the \"Vergina Sun\". This is one of the reasons why the \"Vergina Sun\" as per armour became the oldest Ancient Greek symbol. In addition to this, it is found that the Ancient Greeks swore upon the shield, such as Romans did with their sword. The shield, in modern times, resembles the protective device held by the defence forces.","brand":"Bronze","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32124392833079,"sku":"2006000255","price":103.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/vergina-shield.gif?v=1593251528"},{"product_id":"corinthian-helmet","title":"Small Corinthian Helmet on a Black Marble Base in Bronze","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHandcrafted replica of a Corinthian helmet on a marble base, which was used to protect the bearer's head during the war. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThe helmets in Ancient Greece were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck, and had slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus.","brand":"Bronze","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32124394143799,"sku":"2006000257","price":40.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/corinthian-helmet.gif?v=1593251551"},{"product_id":"helmet-with-a-meander-design","title":"Small Helmet with a Meander Design on a Black Marble Base in Bronze","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReplica of a helmet with a meander design which was believed to bring more luck to the warriors during the battle. The helmets were used to protect the bearer's head during the war. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\nThe helmets in Ancient Greece, were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. They were used to protect the bearer's head during the war. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck with slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus. The Ancient Greeks often decorated the helmets with the meander symbol as it symbolized -among other things- victory.","brand":"Bronze","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32124394176567,"sku":"2006001718","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/helmet-with-a-meander-design.gif?v=1746687763"},{"product_id":"spartan-shield-of-king-leonidas","title":"Spartan Shield of King Leonidas in Brass","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeonidas (c. 530-480 B.C.) was a king of the city-state of Sparta from about 490 B.C. until his death at the Battle of Thermopylae against the Persian army in 480 B.C. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eHis military intelligence became apparent in August 480 BC. in the Battle of Thermopylae, with the way he lined up the military units and with the speed with which he alternated them on the battlefield. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn front of the large army of the Persians, Leonidas with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians put up a brave resistance, taking advantage of the natural configuration of the position. When Xerxes sent him a messenger and asked him to hand over his weapons and surrender, the Spartan king replied \"Molon lave\" in Greek, which means \"come and take them\", thus wanting to challenge him to fight and prove his worth. Leonidas and his army fell heroically in a battle that remained in world history to symbolize bravery and self-sacrifice. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe heroic role model of Leonidas and the memory of the battle of Thermopylae was an example for many people in various phases of history. The modern Greeks used it against the Ottoman Empire, during the Greek Revolution of 1821. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn honor of Leonidas during the Hellenistic period, the Spartans built a temple, the Leonidaion, and held an annual celebration, the Leonidia. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe famous poet C. P. Cavafy wrote a poem in Leonidas’ commemoration:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003ci data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e “Honour to those who in their lives resolved to defend some Thermopylae”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bronze","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39652682989623,"sku":"2006001723","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/The-Shiled-of-Leonidas.jpg?v=1643622137"},{"product_id":"spartan-warrior","title":"Spartan Warrior on a Plexi-Glass Base in Bronze","description":"\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe main concern of the Spartan warrior was how to express in the most appropriate way the \"Spartan Virtue\". A way of life which goes far beyond the bourgeois ideals of today and leads the man to control themself and to go far beyond his apparent limits, cultivating a Heroic way of life.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe education started from childhood and concerned both boys and girls. The goal was for girls to become \"good mothers of warriors\" and for boys to become \"invincible warriors\". At the age of 7, the state undertook the education of children as well as special educators called “Paidontrives” who first cultivated in the young Spartan a “Heroic spirit”, a virtuous soul which would result in a strong and healthy body that could cope with any difficulty. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eArt, music, games and group work, war dances and survival in the wild without any help, forged a character with the main characteristics of Courage and Self-Sacrifice. Road racing, jumping, wrestling, javelin throwing and discus throwing, completed the training of the young man, so that a true warrior is born in both Spirit and Body. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe result of such an education was a deep love for the homeland to such an extent that the Spartan warrior would offer his life to defend it. Courage, self-sacrifice, bravery, strength, humility, boldness, respect for the gods were the natural results of Spartan education. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAncient Greek history is full of heroic deeds of the Spartans, culminating in the battle of  Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans along with their King Leonidas gave Mankind a model Warrior with a Philosophical attitude towards Life and Death. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eFor the Spartan Warrior, the performance of duty, respect for the enemy, the battle with honor and dignity, the war without passion, fear and violence, the dedication of victory to the Gods, bravery, daring and self-sacrifice were the means for the fulfillment and embodiment of the Spartan ideal. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA Spartan ideal which can be expressed in very few words, like those that have remained unchanged after thousands of years, has been at the time where the Persians asked the Spartans to hand over their weapons and they replied: “Molon Lave” which means \"Come and take them\".\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bronze","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39652809375799,"sku":"2006000665","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/Spartan-Warrior-with-a-Shield-Back.jpg?v=1643634063"},{"product_id":"meander-helmet","title":"Spartan - Inspired Helmet with a Meander Pattern in Bronze","description":"\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c!--\ntd {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cspan data-sheets-value=\"{\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;:2,\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;Replica of a helmet with a meander design which was believed to bring more luck to the warriors during the battle. The helmets were used to protect the bearer's head during the war. The helmets in Ancient Greece, were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. They were used to protect the bearer's head during the war. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck with slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus. The Ancient Greeks often decorated the helmets with the meander symbol as it symbolized -among other things- victory.\u0026quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":4737,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"10\":2,\"12\":0,\"15\":\"arial, sans, sans-serif\"}' data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eReplica of a helmet with a meander design which was believed to bring more luck to the warriors during the battle. The helmets were used to protect the bearer's head during the war. The helmets in Ancient Greece, were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. They were used to protect the bearer's head during the war. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck with slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus. The Ancient Greeks often decorated the helmets with the meander symbol as it symbolized -among other things- victory.\u003c\/span\u003e","brand":"Brass","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39691728126007,"sku":"2006002851","price":70.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/helmet.jpg?v=1647250936"},{"product_id":"the-spartan-shield-of-king-leonidas","title":"The Spartan Shield of King Leonidas in Big Size from Brass","description":"\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c!--\ntd {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cspan data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Leonidas (c. 530-480 B.C.) was a king of the city-state of Sparta from about 490 B.C. until his death at the Battle of Thermopylae against the Persian army in 480 B.C. \\nHis military intelligence became apparent in August 480 BC. in the Battle of Thermopylae, with the way he lined up the military units and with the speed with which he alternated them on the battlefield.\\nIn front of the large army of the Persians, Leonidas with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians put up a brave resistance, taking advantage of the natural configuration of the position. When Xerxes sent him a messenger and asked him to hand over his weapons and surrender, the Spartan king replied \\\"Molon lave\\\" in Greek, which means \\\"come and take them\\\", thus wanting to challenge him to fight and prove his worth. Leonidas and his army fell heroically in a battle that remained in world history to symbolize bravery and self-sacrifice.\\nThe heroic role model of Leonidas and the memory of the battle of Thermopylae was an example for many people in various phases of history. The modern Greeks used it against the Ottoman Empire, during the Greek Revolution of 1821. \\nIn honor of Leonidas during the Hellenistic period, the Spartans built a temple, the Leonidaion, and held an annual celebration, the Leonidia. \\nThe famous poet C. P. Cavafy wrote a poem in Leonidas’ commemoration:\\n“Honour to those who in their lives resolved to defend some Thermopylae”.\"}' data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":15107,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"4\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":16711680},\"11\":3,\"12\":0,\"14\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":0},\"15\":\"Arial\",\"16\":10}' data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eLeonidas (c. 530-480 B.C.) was a king of the city-state of Sparta from about 490 B.C. until his death at the Battle of Thermopylae against the Persian army in 480 B.C. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHis military intelligence became apparent in August 480 BC. in the Battle of Thermopylae, with the way he lined up the military units and with the speed with which he alternated them on the battlefield.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn front of the large army of the Persians, Leonidas with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians put up a brave resistance, taking advantage of the natural configuration of the position. When Xerxes sent him a messenger and asked him to hand over his weapons and surrender, the Spartan king replied \"Molon lave\" in Greek, which means \"come and take them\", thus wanting to challenge him to fight and prove his worth. Leonidas and his army fell heroically in a battle that remained in world history to symbolize bravery and self-sacrifice.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe heroic role model of Leonidas and the memory of the battle of Thermopylae was an example for many people in various phases of history. The modern Greeks used it against the Ottoman Empire, during the Greek Revolution of 1821. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn honor of Leonidas during the Hellenistic period, the Spartans built a temple, the Leonidaion, and held an annual celebration, the Leonidia. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe famous poet C. P. Cavafy wrote a poem in Leonidas’ commemoration:\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e“Honour to those who in their lives resolved to defend some Thermopylae”.\u003c\/span\u003e","brand":"Bronze \u0026 Brass","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39720216494135,"sku":"2006001356","price":325.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/shield_1356.jpg?v=1649995727"},{"product_id":"wrestling","title":"Wrestling Sculpture in Bronze","description":"\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e\u003c!--\ntd {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":769,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"11\":3,\"12\":0}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Wrestling is the oldest form of fighting without weapons. There were two forms: upright wrestling and ground wrestling. To win in upright wrestling one had to make his opponent fall three times. Whereas today the back of the opponent should touch the ground, for the Greeks any part of the body counted. With ground wrestling the whole body could touch the ground and one only won if the opponent submitted by pointing up his index finger to the umpire. Upright wrestling was practised in the sandpit that was also used for the long jump, ground wrestling was done on wet sand. Upright wrestling became an Olympic event in 708 BC, together with the pentathlon. Ground wrestling never took place at the games. Wrestling matches were organized both as a separate event and as part of the pentathlon. Wrestling for boys was introduced in 632 BC. \"}'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWrestling is the oldest form of fighting without weapons. There were two forms: upright wrestling and ground wrestling. To win in upright wrestling one had to make his opponent fall three times.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":769,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"11\":3,\"12\":0}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Wrestling is the oldest form of fighting without weapons. There were two forms: upright wrestling and ground wrestling. To win in upright wrestling one had to make his opponent fall three times. Whereas today the back of the opponent should touch the ground, for the Greeks any part of the body counted. With ground wrestling the whole body could touch the ground and one only won if the opponent submitted by pointing up his index finger to the umpire. Upright wrestling was practised in the sandpit that was also used for the long jump, ground wrestling was done on wet sand. Upright wrestling became an Olympic event in 708 BC, together with the pentathlon. Ground wrestling never took place at the games. Wrestling matches were organized both as a separate event and as part of the pentathlon. Wrestling for boys was introduced in 632 BC. \"}'\u003eWhereas today the back of the opponent should touch the ground, for the Greeks any part of the body counted. With ground wrestling the whole body could touch the ground and one only won if the opponent submitted by pointing up his index finger to the umpire. Upright wrestling was practised in the sandpit that was also used for the long jump, ground wrestling was done on wet sand. Upright wrestling became an Olympic event in 708 BC, together with the pentathlon. Ground wrestling never took place at the games. Wrestling matches were organized both as a separate event and as part of the pentathlon. Wrestling for boys was introduced in 632 BC. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Brass","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40109991297079,"sku":"2006000862","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/pali.jpg?v=1677741380"},{"product_id":"boxers","title":"Two Wrestlers Sculpture in Bronze","description":"\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e\u003c!--\ntd {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe art of boxing, whereby two people enter a contest to see who can withstand the most punches from the other, dates back at least as far as the earliest civilisations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of fighting. Due to its simplicity, it can be speculated that even in the pre-civilized world, men would enter into such contests and over time it developed into a sport, with rudimentary rules and the use of equipment. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":14849,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"12\":0,\"14\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":0},\"15\":\"Arial\",\"16\":10}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"The art of boxing, whereby two people enter a contest to see who can withstand the most punches from the other, dates back at least as far as the earliest civilisations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of fighting. Due to its simplicity, it can be speculated that even in the pre-civilized world, men would enter into such contests and over time it developed into a sport, with rudimentary rules and the use of equipment. The god of boxing in ancient Greece was Apollo, (who was also the god of archery among other things) who was said to practice a form of the sport known as pyx (with clenched fist). Pyx was introduced to the ancient Olympic Games in 688 BCE where opponents were only allowed to punch. Other forms of attack such as grappling, biting and gouging were prohibited though it is hotly debated if kicking was allowed in ancient Greek boxing. The object of pyx was to either knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until a submission or knock out was achieved; in this particularly vicious version of ancient boxing, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the floor. A soft dirt pit known as a “skamma” was used to fight in and a referee oversaw the bout, carrying a switch to whip any fighter that broke the rules or stepped out of line. While these contests were brutal affairs, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to make it as an ancient Greek boxer. Pyx seems to have been basically akin to modern boxing though in place of boxing gloves, their wrists and knuckles would often be wrapped in straps known as “himantes”, which were made from ox hide and were designed to protect the boxer’s hands. Cleomedes of Astypalaea was a boxing legend and a  famous Greek athlete from the fifth century BCE. While competing in a boxing event at an ancient Olympic Games, he killed his opponent and was disqualified. Feeling hard done by, Cleomedes went into a rage and pulled down a pillar that supported the roof of a school killing sixty children. Soon, an angry mob chased him but somehow he managed to disappear. Not knowing what to do, they sent an envoy to Delphi where the Pythian priestess told them that the man who had murdered their children was no longer mortal. From then on, the people of Astypalaeans honored Cleomedes as a hero, offering up sacrifices to him and praising him as a demi-god. After the fourth century BCE these were replaced with so-called sharp thongs that served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering much of the hands while others just used them as support for the wrist. While they were probably used mainly for protecting the boxer’s hand, when covering the knuckle, the leather would also cut into an opponent when he was hit causing far more damage than if they were hit from a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called softer thongs. It is interesting to note that as with most sporting contests in the ancient Olympic Games , boxers would be completely naked (apart from the hand\/wrist covering they wore).\\r\"}'\u003eThe god of boxing in ancient Greece was Apollo, (who was also the god of archery among other things) who was said to practice a form of the sport known as pyx (with clenched fist). Pyx was introduced to the ancient Olympic Games in 688 BCE where opponents were only allowed to punch. Other forms of attack such as grappling, biting and gouging were prohibited though it is hotly debated if kicking was allowed in ancient Greek boxing. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":14849,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"12\":0,\"14\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":0},\"15\":\"Arial\",\"16\":10}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"The art of boxing, whereby two people enter a contest to see who can withstand the most punches from the other, dates back at least as far as the earliest civilisations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of fighting. Due to its simplicity, it can be speculated that even in the pre-civilized world, men would enter into such contests and over time it developed into a sport, with rudimentary rules and the use of equipment. The god of boxing in ancient Greece was Apollo, (who was also the god of archery among other things) who was said to practice a form of the sport known as pyx (with clenched fist). Pyx was introduced to the ancient Olympic Games in 688 BCE where opponents were only allowed to punch. Other forms of attack such as grappling, biting and gouging were prohibited though it is hotly debated if kicking was allowed in ancient Greek boxing. The object of pyx was to either knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until a submission or knock out was achieved; in this particularly vicious version of ancient boxing, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the floor. A soft dirt pit known as a “skamma” was used to fight in and a referee oversaw the bout, carrying a switch to whip any fighter that broke the rules or stepped out of line. While these contests were brutal affairs, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to make it as an ancient Greek boxer. Pyx seems to have been basically akin to modern boxing though in place of boxing gloves, their wrists and knuckles would often be wrapped in straps known as “himantes”, which were made from ox hide and were designed to protect the boxer’s hands. Cleomedes of Astypalaea was a boxing legend and a  famous Greek athlete from the fifth century BCE. While competing in a boxing event at an ancient Olympic Games, he killed his opponent and was disqualified. Feeling hard done by, Cleomedes went into a rage and pulled down a pillar that supported the roof of a school killing sixty children. Soon, an angry mob chased him but somehow he managed to disappear. Not knowing what to do, they sent an envoy to Delphi where the Pythian priestess told them that the man who had murdered their children was no longer mortal. From then on, the people of Astypalaeans honored Cleomedes as a hero, offering up sacrifices to him and praising him as a demi-god. After the fourth century BCE these were replaced with so-called sharp thongs that served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering much of the hands while others just used them as support for the wrist. While they were probably used mainly for protecting the boxer’s hand, when covering the knuckle, the leather would also cut into an opponent when he was hit causing far more damage than if they were hit from a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called softer thongs. It is interesting to note that as with most sporting contests in the ancient Olympic Games , boxers would be completely naked (apart from the hand\/wrist covering they wore).\\r\"}'\u003eThe object of pyx was to either knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until a submission or knock out was achieved; in this particularly vicious version of ancient boxing, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the floor. A soft dirt pit known as a “skamma” was used to fight in and a referee oversaw the bout, carrying a switch to whip any fighter that broke the rules or stepped out of line. While these contests were brutal affairs, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to make it as an ancient Greek boxer. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":14849,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"12\":0,\"14\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":0},\"15\":\"Arial\",\"16\":10}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"The art of boxing, whereby two people enter a contest to see who can withstand the most punches from the other, dates back at least as far as the earliest civilisations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of fighting. Due to its simplicity, it can be speculated that even in the pre-civilized world, men would enter into such contests and over time it developed into a sport, with rudimentary rules and the use of equipment. The god of boxing in ancient Greece was Apollo, (who was also the god of archery among other things) who was said to practice a form of the sport known as pyx (with clenched fist). Pyx was introduced to the ancient Olympic Games in 688 BCE where opponents were only allowed to punch. Other forms of attack such as grappling, biting and gouging were prohibited though it is hotly debated if kicking was allowed in ancient Greek boxing. The object of pyx was to either knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until a submission or knock out was achieved; in this particularly vicious version of ancient boxing, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the floor. A soft dirt pit known as a “skamma” was used to fight in and a referee oversaw the bout, carrying a switch to whip any fighter that broke the rules or stepped out of line. While these contests were brutal affairs, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to make it as an ancient Greek boxer. Pyx seems to have been basically akin to modern boxing though in place of boxing gloves, their wrists and knuckles would often be wrapped in straps known as “himantes”, which were made from ox hide and were designed to protect the boxer’s hands. Cleomedes of Astypalaea was a boxing legend and a  famous Greek athlete from the fifth century BCE. While competing in a boxing event at an ancient Olympic Games, he killed his opponent and was disqualified. Feeling hard done by, Cleomedes went into a rage and pulled down a pillar that supported the roof of a school killing sixty children. Soon, an angry mob chased him but somehow he managed to disappear. Not knowing what to do, they sent an envoy to Delphi where the Pythian priestess told them that the man who had murdered their children was no longer mortal. From then on, the people of Astypalaeans honored Cleomedes as a hero, offering up sacrifices to him and praising him as a demi-god. After the fourth century BCE these were replaced with so-called sharp thongs that served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering much of the hands while others just used them as support for the wrist. While they were probably used mainly for protecting the boxer’s hand, when covering the knuckle, the leather would also cut into an opponent when he was hit causing far more damage than if they were hit from a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called softer thongs. It is interesting to note that as with most sporting contests in the ancient Olympic Games , boxers would be completely naked (apart from the hand\/wrist covering they wore).\\r\"}'\u003ePyx seems to have been basically akin to modern boxing though in place of boxing gloves, their wrists and knuckles would often be wrapped in straps known as “himantes”, which were made from ox hide and were designed to protect the boxer’s hands.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":14849,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"12\":0,\"14\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":0},\"15\":\"Arial\",\"16\":10}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"The art of boxing, whereby two people enter a contest to see who can withstand the most punches from the other, dates back at least as far as the earliest civilisations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of fighting. Due to its simplicity, it can be speculated that even in the pre-civilized world, men would enter into such contests and over time it developed into a sport, with rudimentary rules and the use of equipment. The god of boxing in ancient Greece was Apollo, (who was also the god of archery among other things) who was said to practice a form of the sport known as pyx (with clenched fist). Pyx was introduced to the ancient Olympic Games in 688 BCE where opponents were only allowed to punch. Other forms of attack such as grappling, biting and gouging were prohibited though it is hotly debated if kicking was allowed in ancient Greek boxing. The object of pyx was to either knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until a submission or knock out was achieved; in this particularly vicious version of ancient boxing, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the floor. A soft dirt pit known as a “skamma” was used to fight in and a referee oversaw the bout, carrying a switch to whip any fighter that broke the rules or stepped out of line. While these contests were brutal affairs, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to make it as an ancient Greek boxer. Pyx seems to have been basically akin to modern boxing though in place of boxing gloves, their wrists and knuckles would often be wrapped in straps known as “himantes”, which were made from ox hide and were designed to protect the boxer’s hands. Cleomedes of Astypalaea was a boxing legend and a  famous Greek athlete from the fifth century BCE. While competing in a boxing event at an ancient Olympic Games, he killed his opponent and was disqualified. Feeling hard done by, Cleomedes went into a rage and pulled down a pillar that supported the roof of a school killing sixty children. Soon, an angry mob chased him but somehow he managed to disappear. Not knowing what to do, they sent an envoy to Delphi where the Pythian priestess told them that the man who had murdered their children was no longer mortal. From then on, the people of Astypalaeans honored Cleomedes as a hero, offering up sacrifices to him and praising him as a demi-god. After the fourth century BCE these were replaced with so-called sharp thongs that served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering much of the hands while others just used them as support for the wrist. While they were probably used mainly for protecting the boxer’s hand, when covering the knuckle, the leather would also cut into an opponent when he was hit causing far more damage than if they were hit from a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called softer thongs. It is interesting to note that as with most sporting contests in the ancient Olympic Games , boxers would be completely naked (apart from the hand\/wrist covering they wore).\\r\"}'\u003eAfter the fourth century BCE these were replaced with so-called sharp thongs that served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering much of the hands while others just used them as support for the wrist. While they were probably used mainly for protecting the boxer’s hand, when covering the knuckle, the leather would also cut into an opponent when he was hit causing far more damage than if they were hit from a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called softer thongs. It is interesting to note that as with most sporting contests in the ancient Olympic Games , boxers would be completely naked (apart from the hand\/wrist covering they wore).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":14849,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"12\":0,\"14\":{\"1\":2,\"2\":0},\"15\":\"Arial\",\"16\":10}' data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"The art of boxing, whereby two people enter a contest to see who can withstand the most punches from the other, dates back at least as far as the earliest civilisations and is probably one of the oldest sports of its kind in the history of fighting. Due to its simplicity, it can be speculated that even in the pre-civilized world, men would enter into such contests and over time it developed into a sport, with rudimentary rules and the use of equipment. The god of boxing in ancient Greece was Apollo, (who was also the god of archery among other things) who was said to practice a form of the sport known as pyx (with clenched fist). Pyx was introduced to the ancient Olympic Games in 688 BCE where opponents were only allowed to punch. Other forms of attack such as grappling, biting and gouging were prohibited though it is hotly debated if kicking was allowed in ancient Greek boxing. The object of pyx was to either knock out the opponent or force him to submit, which was indicated with a raised index finger. The fight would continue until a submission or knock out was achieved; in this particularly vicious version of ancient boxing, there were no rounds and participants could keep punching even if their opponent was knocked to the floor. A soft dirt pit known as a “skamma” was used to fight in and a referee oversaw the bout, carrying a switch to whip any fighter that broke the rules or stepped out of line. While these contests were brutal affairs, a fighter would still need high levels of training, skill and courage to make it as an ancient Greek boxer. Pyx seems to have been basically akin to modern boxing though in place of boxing gloves, their wrists and knuckles would often be wrapped in straps known as “himantes”, which were made from ox hide and were designed to protect the boxer’s hands. Cleomedes of Astypalaea was a boxing legend and a  famous Greek athlete from the fifth century BCE. While competing in a boxing event at an ancient Olympic Games, he killed his opponent and was disqualified. Feeling hard done by, Cleomedes went into a rage and pulled down a pillar that supported the roof of a school killing sixty children. Soon, an angry mob chased him but somehow he managed to disappear. Not knowing what to do, they sent an envoy to Delphi where the Pythian priestess told them that the man who had murdered their children was no longer mortal. From then on, the people of Astypalaeans honored Cleomedes as a hero, offering up sacrifices to him and praising him as a demi-god. After the fourth century BCE these were replaced with so-called sharp thongs that served the same purpose and consisted of a thick strip of leather. Different fighters seemed to use these straps in different ways, some covering much of the hands while others just used them as support for the wrist. While they were probably used mainly for protecting the boxer’s hand, when covering the knuckle, the leather would also cut into an opponent when he was hit causing far more damage than if they were hit from a fighter using the himantes, sometimes also called softer thongs. It is interesting to note that as with most sporting contests in the ancient Olympic Games , boxers would be completely naked (apart from the hand\/wrist covering they wore).\\r\"}'\u003eCleomedes of Astypalaea was a boxing legend and a famous Greek athlete from the fifth century BCE. While competing in a boxing event at an ancient Olympic Games, he killed his opponent and was disqualified. Feeling hard done by, Cleomedes went into a rage and pulled down a pillar that supported the roof of a school killing sixty children. Soon, an angry mob chased him but somehow he managed to disappear. Not knowing what to do, they sent an envoy to Delphi where the Pythian priestess told them that the man who had murdered their children was no longer mortal. From then on, the people of Astypalaeans honored Cleomedes as a hero, offering up sacrifices to him and praising him as a demi-god.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Brass","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46334149034313,"sku":"2006000866","price":180.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/DSC_0744.jpg?v=1678262917"},{"product_id":"helmet","title":"Corinthian Bronze Helmet on a White Marble Base","description":"\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e\u003c!--\ntd {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":769,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"11\":3,\"12\":0}' data-sheets-value=\"{\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;:2,\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;Handcrafted replica of a Corinthian helmet on a marble base, which was used to protect the bearer's head during the war. The helmets in Ancient Greece were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck, and had slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus.\u0026quot;}\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandcrafted replica of a Corinthian helmet on a marble base, which was used to protect the bearer's head during the war.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-sheets-userformat='{\"2\":769,\"3\":{\"1\":0},\"11\":3,\"12\":0}' data-sheets-value=\"{\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;:2,\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;Handcrafted replica of a Corinthian helmet on a marble base, which was used to protect the bearer's head during the war. The helmets in Ancient Greece were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck, and had slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus.\u0026quot;}\"\u003eThe helmets in Ancient Greece were made either of wood or metal; they first appeared in the 8th century BC and gradually evolved until the middle of the 5th century BC. Their top was decorated with a crest from horse tail. Herodotus states that this armour (helmet) originated from the area of Corinth. The art of making it, was similar to the art of making metal utensils and thus required great skill. The Corinthian helmet is characteristic because it covered the entire head and neck, and had slots for the eyes and mouth, while it also had a paragnathus.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Brass \u0026 Marble","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46478564032841,"sku":"2006000863","price":199.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/products\/Agalmatidio_143.jpg?v=1680759723"},{"product_id":"ancient-thebes-shield-two-coloured-pendant-in-silver-925","title":"Ancient Thebes Shield Two-Coloured Pendant in Silver 925°","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1175\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1175\"\u003eNecklace Inspired by the Ancient Coin of Thebes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1371\"\u003eInspired by the iconic shield design depicted on the ancient coin of Thebes (379–338 BC) in Boeotia, this distinctive necklace captures the elegance and symbolic power of ancient Greek artistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1567\"\u003eThe Boeotian shield motif—an enduring symbol of strength and protection—is rendered with clean geometric lines, creating a timeless piece that seamlessly blends history with contemporary design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1765\"\u003eCrafted from high-quality materials with a refined gold-plated finish, this necklace stands out for its elegance and fine detailing, making it perfect for both everyday wear and special occasions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Silver 925° \u0026 Silver 925° Gold-Plated","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54151770177865,"sku":"2006003588","price":260.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0270\/6718\/7255\/files\/shield-necklace.png?v=1775557146"}],"url":"https:\/\/artpointpapasotiriou.gr\/collections\/hellenic-warfare-armor.oembed","provider":"ARTPOINT PAPASOTIRIOU","version":"1.0","type":"link"}